Hybrid electrical vehicles introduction a hybrid electric vehicle hev has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel. Electric motors are made in a wide range of sizes and are used to run things ranging from toys to heavy industrial machinery and urban subway trains. Introduction to electric motors linkedin slideshare. Survey various major types of motor designs with an. Electric cars fought side by side against internal combustion engined vehicles to become the first choice to power the way forward for mankind. It also studies connections, implementation and the most typical applications for. Introduction to ac motors ac motors electronics textbook.
Nevertheless, the 3phase induction motors are simple, rugged, lowpriced, easy to maintain and can be manufactured with characteristics to suit most industrial requirements. An electric motor is an electromagneticdevice that converts electrical energy intomechanical energy the first electric motor was invented bywilliam sturgeon in 1832 the first commercially successful electricmotor was created in 1873 today, electric motors can be found in. This motion is rated by mechanical power variables, such as speed, torque, and horsepower. Dec 07, 2014 dc motor introduction, principle and working introduction. Small electric motors are also inherently less e cient more like 50%. The output torque of an electrical motor depends on the intensity of the rotor and stator magnetic fields and. The pullpickup of the ev would be almost at par with an average. Motors electric motors, both ac and dc types, come in many shapes and sizes. And electric motors in some machine tools start and stop many times per minute. Introduction to basic notions on electric power 5 electric current conductor lines of force fig. Drive system comparison 1966 mustang motor options 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 peak horsepower p e a k t o r q u e gasoline ac dc advanced dc 8 a dvance dc 9 netgain warp9 netgain warp11 azure. It may employ any of the prime movers diesel engines, steam turbines and electric motors for supplying mechanical energy for motion control.
Those who are looking to enter an online or traditional electrical engineering program, or currently enrolled students, can use this post as a handy reference guide for studying the basics of dc and ac electric motors. Ford ranger electric pickup general motors designed and developed an electric car from the ground up instead of modifying an existing vehicle. In other words, a drive is a combination of various systems combined together for the purpose of motion control. An ac motor of this type may be part of a pump or fan or. A stepper motor is an electric motor that rotates in discrete step increments. This course is intended to prepare the target persons with the ability to understand and recognize different types, components, theory of operation and applications of all electrical motors. It is intended as a general introduction to the concepts. Mechanical energy what is an electric motor an electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into mechanical energy usually a torque. A useful introduction to electric motors electrical. An introduction to brushless dc motor control digikey. Dc motors are rarely utilized in normal applications as a result of all electrical supply firms furnish electrical energy but, for special applications like in steel mills, mines and electric traction, its advantageous to convert ac into dc so as to use dc motors. Introduction to electric motors provides a comprehensive overview of electric motors and the principles on which they operate.
For example, electric motors that run continuously in fans and blowers for hours or days may be selected on the basis of continuous load, but electric motors located in devices like automatically controlled compressors and pumps start a number of times per hour. Dc motor introduction, principle and working my tech info. Apr 11, 20 it may employ any of the prime movers diesel engines, steam turbines and electric motors for supplying mechanical energy for motion control. Electric motors use magnetic induction to turn electricity into mechanical motion. An introduction to stepper motors xinda hu university of arizona college of optical sciences introduction. Pdf electric machines by dp kothari and ij nagrath pdf. Electric motors and drives electric motors and drives 5th edition motors and drives motors drives fundamentals of electric drives electric motor drives 1e electric motor drives pdf introduction to electric machines and drives electric drives and electromechanical systems rewinding small electric motors tesla motors. The electric motor operation is based on the following points. Massachusetts institute of technology department of electrical engineering and computer science 6.
Introduction to hybrid electric vehicle systems sae training. There are many types of ac motors, but this course focuses on threephase induction motors, the most common type of motor used in industrial applications. Simotics industrial electric motors provide you with the optimum solution for every application. Electric energy and induction motors the level of prosperity of a community is related to its capability to produce goods and services. The brushed dc motor also known as dc series motor was the preferable choice for all old electric cars. Oct 24, 2017 10 videos play all how to choose an electric motor tutorial series groschopp usa how to choose an electric motor application criteria part 1 duration. Motion and temperature heat control are paramount in energy. An electric motor is an electromagneticdevice that converts. Electric motors feature torque supplied to the driven machine, which must be more than that required from start to full speed. This conversion is usually obtained through the generation of a magnetic field by means of a current flowing into one or more coils. The lead acid ev1 had a top speed of 80 mph, a range of about 80 miles, and it could accelerate from 0 to 50 mph in 6. Introduce electric motor technology and its role in. Introduction wide selection of motors 11 electric motor energency efficiency 12 warranty and support cancellation charg es and change notices 15 general capabilities f or use with adjustable speed drives 16 website and tools 17 motor selection and pricing simotics gener al purpose motors gp100a aluminum fr ame 460v 21. The beginnings of the electric motor are shrouded in mystery, but this.
Electric motor drive systems that use gear reducers have parts that rotate at different speeds. Unfortunately, electric motors are not 100% efficient. Types, losses in induction motors, motor efficiency, factors affecting motor performance, rewinding and motor replacement issues, energy saving opportunities with energy efficient motors. This reading is a very brief introduction to four most basic types of electric motors. Electric motors for machines and mechanisms mit fab lab. This vehicle, called the ev1, was a twopassenger sports car. These motors provide a lot of torque which could easily give a sporty feel to the ev.
At least one of the two magnetic field is generated by a solenoid carrying a current. Some of the electric energy is lost to heat, another form of energy, due to i2r losses also called copper losses in the motor windings. It is logical that the least expensive, lowest maintenance type motor should be used most often. The electric motor in its simplest terms is a converter of electrical energy to useful. Introduction to dc motors for operating machinery and equipment in a wide variety of industries and applications, dc motors are commonly used. An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. The brushless dc bldc motor is becoming increasingly popular in sectors such as automotive particularly electric vehicles ev, hvac, white goods and industrial because it does away with the mechanical commutator used in traditional motors, replacing it with an electronic device that improves the reliability and durability of the unit. The direction of the lines of force is given by the law of the screwdriver. A bit of history karl benz of mannheim, germany, patented the worlds.
Without electric motors, we would not have power tools, household appliances, or even cars. These materials, called magnets, are also called ferromagnetic because. Like any electric motor, a 3phase induction motor has a stator and a rotor. Fundamentals of electric motors and transformers rajib mikail lecturer department of electrical and electronic engineering bangladesh university of engineering and technology dhaka email. Low voltage ac motors for line and converter operation. Introduction to ac motors chapter ac motors pdf version. The stator is a permanent magnet, so the motor is smaller in size. It also studies connections, implementation and the most typical applications for these motors. Introduction to automotive electrical and electronic systems. Drives employing electric motors are called as electrical drives. Transmission of electrical energy covered longer distances at a lower loss with alternating current. Introduction to electric motors electric motors provide the driving power for a large and still increasing part of our modern industrial economy. Electric machines by dp kothari and ij nagrath now in its 5.
A world without electric motors is difficult to imagine. Dec 17, 2015 without electric motors, we would not have power tools, household appliances, or even cars. Electric motors run on either direct or alternating current. Ac motors are used worldwide in many applications to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. After the introduction of the dc electrical distribution system by edison in the united states, a gradual transition to the more economical ac system commenced. The greater the electric motor s reserve torque, the more rapid the acceleration.
When it comes to energy converters, these motors were among the first types. Those who are looking to enter an online or traditional electrical. The limited maximum speed of electric cars up to 30mph limited their practicality. Although electric, plugin, and fuel cell vehicles are making inroads in the market, the hev stands as the market leader in adoption, and manufacturers have no plans on diminishing hev production. The induction motor is made up of the stator, or stationary windings, and the rotor.
Motor design and, even more importantly, motor choice and use practices are an important area of potential energy conservation. An introduction to electrical motors basics course description. One of the fundamental elements of an electrical engineer is knowing about the different types of electric motors. Threephase induction motor singlephase induction motor there are probably more singlephase ac induction motors in use today than the total of all the other types put together. The changes are made keeping the original flavor of the book intact, that is, indepth coverage of fundamental concepts. The movement of each step is precise and repeatable. In comparison, the power system of gasolinepowered vehicles consists of a number of components, such as the. Hybrid electric vehicle hev models currently populating the vehicle electrification landscape indicate their dominance in the market. The computer on which this book is typed, for example, has. Electric motors objectives after studying this unit, the student will be able to state the purpose of an electric motor. Introduction to the electrical systems th e purpose of this section is to acquaint you with the electrical systems that will be covered in this book. It is therefore used in starter motors of cars and elevator motors p. Electric motors, both ac and dc types, come in many shapes and sizes. Ev power systems motors and controllers the power system of an electric vehicle consists of just two components.
But producing goods and services is strongly related to the use of energy in an intelligent way. From the tiniest motor found in a quartz watch to a millionplus horsepower motor. This course studies the operating principles for basic electrical machines such as direct current and alternate current motors, both single phase and three phase. Introduction the ac induction motor is well suited to applications requiring constant speed operation. In general, the induction motor is cheaper and easier to maintain compared to other alternatives. The singlephase ac induction motor best fits this description. Hev powertrain operation is totally different from the.
The range of sizes and types of motors is large and the number and diversity of applications continues to expand. For most of the 20 th century, british milk floats made up most of the worlds number of electric vehicles interest in electric cars returned following the energy crises of the 1970s and 80s. An engineers introduction to electric vehicles evs electronics. Electricity means that a battery sometimes assisted by ultracaps is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor from now on called motor will be used as traction motor. Dc motor introduction, principle and working introduction. The phase relation between the rotor and stator magnetic field i. History of electric cars idaho national laboratory. Download introduction to electrical power systems pdf. Ev motors have wider rpm torque band so they better compare to ice motors with 25% more torque and horsepower. Backed by 150 years of experience, simotics motors are unrivaled when it comes to reliability, ruggedness, compactness, efficiency, and performance. How to choose an electric motor introduction and basics.
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